贵州省黔南州农村布依、苗、水族儿童体格发育状况调查及其影响因素分析

Children physical development investigation and influencing factors analysis in rural Buyi,Miao and Shui Nationality,Qiannan,Guizhou province

目的：了解贵州省黔南州农村布依、苗、水族少数民族儿童体格发育状况及其影响因素。方法：采用分层整群抽样方法选取贵州省黔南州农村1—7岁布依、苗、水族1867名儿童进行体重、身高、头围、胸围4项指标检测，并对影响体格生长发育的相关因素进行logistic多元回归分析。结果：黔南州农村3民族儿童体重、身高、头围、胸围发育水平均随着年龄的增加而增高，男性儿童4项指标测量值〉女性儿童；布依族男、女儿童各年龄段4项指标测定平均值均高于2005年全国9市郊区儿童测定平均值（P〈0．05），苗族和水族男、女儿童各年龄段4项指标测定平均值均低于2005年全国9市郊区儿童测定平均值（P〈0．05）；布依族男、女性儿童各年龄段4项指标测量平均值分别与苗族、水族男、女儿童同年龄段比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示，儿童的年龄、出生孕周、出生体重、父母亲文化水平、喂养方式、家庭经济收入、饮食行为和习惯、居住环境等是影响3民族儿童体格生长发育的主要因素。结论：贵州省黔南州农村布依、苗、水族儿童体格发育存在民族差异。

Objective： To understand children physical development and influencing factors in rural Buyi, Miao and Shui Nationality, Qiannan, Guizhou province, and provide reference for growth and development research of minority children. Methods： From January 2011 to November 2012, 1 867 children of 1 -6 years old from rural Buyi, Miao and Shui Nationality, Qiannan, Guizhou province were selected by stratified cluster sampling method to carry out 4 - index determination on weight, height, head circumference and chest circumference, and logistic multiple regression analysis was carried out to relevant factors of influencing physical growth and development. Results： The development level of 4 indexes of rural 3 nationalities in Qiannan was increased with age and the determination value of male children was greater than that of female children. The determined average values at all ages of 4 indexes of male and female children in Buyi Nationality were higher than those of national 9 suburbs children in 2005 （P 〈 0. 05 ）, the determined average values at all ages of 4 indexes of male and female children in Miao and Shui Nationality were lower than those of national 9 suburbs children in 2005 （P 〈 0.05 ） . Compared the determined average values at all ages of 4 indexes of male and female children in Buyi Nationality with Miao and Shui Nationality male and female children in the same age, the difference was statistically significant （ P 〈 0. 05 or P 〈 0. 01 ） . Multiple fac- tor logistic regression analysis showed that, the main factors of influencing children physical growth and development in 3 nationalities were ： age, gestational weeks, birth weight, parents educational level, feeding way, family income, eating behavior, habits and living environment, etc. Conclusion： The children physical development of rural Buyi, Miao and Shui Nationality, Qiannan, Guizhou province has na- tionality difference.