苏南和皖北平原地区乡村聚落分形特征对比分析——以镇江丹阳市和宿州埇桥区为例

COMPARISON OF THE REUNION-LIKE SETTLEMENT SYSTEM FRACTAL CHARCTERISTICS IN SOURTHERN OF JIANSU AND NORTHERN OF ANHUI ——A CASE STUDY OF DANYAN AND YONGQIAO IN SUZHOU

聚落规模和空间结构的研究历来是地理学的研究热点,分形理论越来越多地被应用于聚落的定量研究,而相对于城镇体系分形研究,乡村聚落体系的分形研究是一块"短板"。为定量对比分析苏南地区与皖北地区的聚落体系的分形特征,以ArcGIS9.3软件为平台,在县域尺度上选取镇江丹阳市和宿州埇桥区平原地区团聚状聚落体系为研究对象,通过计算豪斯道夫维数对比分析了聚落体系规模分布的分形特征差异,通过计算关联维数和集聚维数,从聚落要素的空间相关性和聚落随机集聚的向心性两方面,分析了聚落体系空间结构的分形特征差异,对聚落体系的空间集聚性的多级分形特征差异作了重点探讨。结果表明:丹阳市和埇桥区规模分布分形的判定系数R2分别为0.966和0.962、空间结构的相关系数R2在0.990左右,表明苏南地区和皖北地区团聚状聚落体系在规模分布和空间结构上都具有比较明显的分形特征,表现出自相似结构,且皖北地区聚落体系处低水平发展阶段;苏南地区和皖北地区团聚状聚落体系的空间集聚性存在多级分形的特征,苏南地区的城市的集聚性强于皖北地区,而镇(乡)和中心村的集聚性(分维数D平均值为2.162和2.029)则明显小于皖北地区(分维数D平均值为1.916和1.592);平原地区聚落体系的分形特征与其城市化阶段密切相关。因此,在以后的工作中可以利用分形思想进行聚落体系规划,有效地利用地理空间资源,优化区域聚落体系结构。

The scale and the spatial structure of the settlement have always been the research focus of geography, and fractal theory is increasingly being applied to the quantitative research of settlement, however, the fractal study is inadequate in a certain aspect of the rural study which is compared with the fractal theory applied in urban system. Fractal study is one of the most important content in modern theoretical geography. This paper commenced with the application of the fractal theory and tried to compare the characteristics of the settlements system of the Southern of Jiangsu and the Northern of Anhui at the scale of the county area, by using the ArcGIS 9.3 software and the second national land survey data at the scale of 1＂10 000. Based on the fractal theory, the paper compared the scale structure and spatial structure of settlements system. According to the results, the paper drew the conclusions as follows. （1） The coefficient of determination of Danyang City and Yongqiao District fractal scale distribution were 0. 966 and 0. 962, and the correlation coefficient of the spatial structure was about 0. 990, indicating that reunion-like settlements system in the Southern of Jiangsu and the Northern of Anhui are fractal in the scale structure and spatial structure of settlements system, acting as a self-similar structure. The settlement system in northern of Anhui was at a lower level of development. It showed that fractal theory was suitable for settlement system analysis and had a certain practical value of the settlement system planning. （2） The spatial aggregation of reunion-like settlements system in Southern of Jiangsu and the Northern of Auhui both acted as multi-level fractal character. The spatial aggregation City-Town-Centre Village-Nature Village in the Southern plain of Jiangsu was stronger than the Northern of Anhui; however the spatial aggregation Town-Centre Village- Nature Village and Centre Village-Nature Village Settlement System in Southern plain of Jiangsu behaved in the opposite. The scaleless size reflected the low level of development of Settlement System of the Northern of Auhui. （3） The level of urbanization of the district was the most important factors which influenced the fractal characteristics of the settlement system in the plains. It suggets that the Northern of Auhui should optimize regional settlement scale and spatial structure by building urban-rural integration system.Therefore, in the future work, fractal theory would be a useful tool for the planning of settlements system, finally making effective use of geospatial resources and optimizing the structure of the settlement system in a specific area. And we need further study to identity whether the regional differences study is suitable to apply to other areas or not.