基于水足迹理论的安徽省水资源评价

ASSESSING WATER RESOURCE OF ANHUI PROVINCE BASED ON WATER FOOTPRINT THEORY

以安徽省2011年统计年鉴数据为依据,基于水足迹理论,计算了该省2010年水足迹,并对水资源可持续性进行了评价。研究结果表明:(1)2010年安徽省总的水足迹为728.98亿m3,人均水足迹为1 067.79m3/人,人均水资源可利用量为631.44m3/人,水资源的消耗已明显超出其水资源可利用量,处于不可持续利用状态;(2)安徽省水足迹主要来自于农业生产,占全省水足迹总量的99.49%;(3)此外,安徽省万元GDP水足迹值相对较高,反映了水资源利用效率不高的现实状况。因此,可以通过优化农业生产模式,调整产业结构,以及开发利用过境水来实现安徽省水资源的可持续利用。研究结果可为全省水资源科学利用和管理提供有利的参考。

Water is viewed as one of the most importantnatual resources, and it is also the essential factors to ensure food security and ecological security. However, impacted by the rapid economic development and human activities, water scarcity has been a serious problem all over the world. Therefore, it is urgent to quantitify the water use conditions to improve water resource protection. Virtual water refers to the amount of water that is needed in the production process of goods and services, and it is a term that links water, food and trade. Virtual water has been proven to be a very useful instrument to relieve the pressure in water shortage countries or regions by importing water-intensive products from those whose water resource is abundant. Based on the powerful idea of virtual water and ecological footprint, the concept of water footprint is introduced in 2002. A water footprint measures the total water consumed by a nation, business or individual by calculating the total water used during the production of goods and services. Virtual water and water footprint have become a hot spot in the field of water resource research. Based on the data of Anhui statistical yearbook of 2011 and the concept of virtual water and water footprint, Anhui＇s water footprint and water resources sustainability were calculated and assessed. The results show that the water footprint, the per capita water footprint and the per capita water availability of Anhui Province in 2010 were estimated to be 72 898 million m3 .yr-1, 1 067.79 m3 .cap-1 .yr 1, 631.44 m3 .cap 1 -yr 1, respectively. These indicate that the water consumption apparently exceeded that of water availability, and such a water footprint pattern is not sustainable. Agricultural production was the largest water consumer, accounting for 95. 490/oo of the water footprint. The remaining 4.51~ was for the industrial, domestic and ecological environment sectors. In addition, Anhui＇s 10 000 yuan water footprint is ralatively high, which is mainly due to a high dependence on irrigation for agricultural production. These findings indicate a low efficiency of water resource-utilizing in Anhui Province. Therefore, we need to optimize the crop planting pattern or to adjust the industrial structure to achieve more proper sustainable water use in Anhui Province. This paper provided a scientific method to the water use and water resources management in Anhui Province.