汉江中下游流域工业污染源解析

ANALYSIS OF INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION SOURCES OF THE MIDDLE AND LOWER REACHES OF HANJIANG RIVER BASIN

选用2010年污染源普查更新数据对汉江中下游流域工业污染源的废水、COD及氨氮排放量按不同行政区划级别进行分类统计和归纳,描述流域工业污染源的地域分布及各行政区划内工业源排污力度。同时结合流域各企业工业经济生产总值及国民经济行业分类标准,对工业污染源排放强度特征与行业贡献进行分析。结果表明:襄阳市废水、COD、氨氮排放量贡献最大,贡献率分别为53%、45%、25%;工业源行业解析显示石化行业对废水、COD、氨氮排放贡献突出,相应的贡献率分别为49%、34%、81%;造纸、纺织和石化行业分别为万元工业产值废水、COD及氨氮排放最高的行业,其值分别为72.1t废水/万元、13.2kgCOD/万元和0.79kg氨氮/万元。

Based on the 2010 census data of the industrial pollution sources in the middle and lower reaches of the Haniiang River basin, analyses of the total discharge amount of wastewaters and the discharge amounts of COD and NH3-N in wastewaters were carried out on different levels of administrative division. Discharge amounts and industrial source apportionment of total wastewater discharge, COD and NH3-N were selected to analyze the pollution characteristics of the river and industrial contribution to the river pollution. Spatial distribution characteristics and pollutant characteristics of the industrial pollution sources were also analyzed from the point view of Chinese standard industrial classification. The results showed that the total discharge amount of wastewaters and the discharge amounts of COD and NH3-N in wastewaters from the industrial pollution sources in the middle and lower reaches of Hanjiang River basin were 1.3 hundred million ton, 20. 366 thousand ton and 3. 579 thousand ton,respectively. Xiangyang City was the top city in the contribution proportions of both total water and COD discharge, and the contribution proportions of total water, COD and NHa-N discharge from this city were 53%, 45% and 25 %, respectively. The results also showed that most pollution sources around Xiangyang City threatening the Hanjiang River and water pollution emergency was ready to happen at any time. Jingmen City and Xiaogan City ranked second and third in the eontribution proportions of total wastewater discharge, with 21% and 13~//00, respectively. The municipality directly under Hubei Province and Jingmen City ranked second and third in the contribution proportions of COD discharge, with 22% and 17%, respectively. The municipality directly under Hubei Province and Xiaogan City ranked first and third in the contribution proportions of NHa-N discharge, with 28% and 24%, respectively, and Xiangyang City ranked second. Petrochemical industry ranked first in pollution contribution to the HanJiang River basin. Its contribution proportions of total wastewater discharge, COD discharge and NH3-N discharge in all industries, were 49%, 34% and 81%, respectively. The largest industrial wastewater discharge per ten thousand Yuan （industrial output value） was from paper making, which was above 72 ton per ten thousand Yuan. Textile industry had 13 kg COD per ten thousand Yuan （industrial output value）, being ahead of the other industries. As for NH3-N, petrochemistry was the industry with the highest NH3-N discharge and lowest economic output, with 0.79 kg per ten thousand Yuan （industrial output value）. By analyzing spatial distribution characteristics of the industrial pollution sources, it was found that the area around the Hangjiang River main stream had the largest wastewater discharge and the most key pollutants in 2010. From the point view of Chinese standard industrial classification, it was told that the traditional industry, such as textile, paper makinga nd petrochemistry, usually had higher NH3-N discharges and lower economic outputs. It was concluded that more attention should be paid to integrated pollution control of the whole basin, all localities and departments should take practical and effective measures to control water pollution of the middle and lower reaches of the Hanjiang River basin.