解构理论与身份认同

Derrida's Deconstructionism and Identity

以往学者在研究德里达解构思想来源时,总是将其无限拔高和提升,认为其思想必然来源于某种可以实指的、具体"思想形态",比如胡塞尔现象学、海德格尔存在主义、索绪尔语言学等等,实际上,这种从德里达的作品中抽出某些类似理论资源的做法,常常忽视了思想者本身的内在因素。德里达解构理论的产生与其特殊的身份或身份认同密切相关。以身份认同为切入点,德里达的一生可以分为三个阶段,在童年时期对"犹太出身"的"置疑"、青年时期对"法语"的"两难"以及成年对"权威(主流)"的"歧路"都是其身份认同的表现。因此,伴随德里达一生的"身份认同焦虑"从另一方面成就了解构理论:身份认同无处不在,解构理论如影随形。

In previous studies of the sources of Derrida＇s deconstructionism, scholars always infinitely extended the sources to some concrete, specific schools of thoughts, such as Husserl＇s phenomenology, Heidegger＇s existentialism, Saussure＇s lin- guistic theories, etc. They tried to extract from Derrida＇s works certain sources of theories. However, practices of this kind always overlook the internal factors of the thinkers. In fact, the coming into being of Derrida＇s deconstructionism has a lot to do with Derrida＇s special sense of identity. When his sense of identity is taken into concern, Derrida＇s life can be divided into three periods. His childhood is characterized by his ＂doubts＂ against his ＂Jewish origin,＂ his teenage years by his ＂dilemma＂ of ＂French language,＂ and his adulthood by his ＂branching off＂ from the ＂authoritative mainstream. ＂ All these are but manifestations of his sense of identity. As a result, the ＂angst of identity＂ that runs through the lifetime of Derrida helps bring about Derrida＇s deconstructionism. In other words, Derrida＇s deconstructionism shadows his sense of identity.