中东欧民主化与市场化转型特征分析

Analysis of Democratization and Marketization in Central and Eastern Europe

中东欧转型国家所建立的民主政治与市场经济更接近于西方标准,波兰等中欧国家更是达到了较高的民主化与市场化水平,从而成为转型的优等生。文章认为,随着绝大多数中东欧国家加入北约和欧盟,其转型的目标"回归欧洲"已经实现。中东欧国家之所以在民主化和市场化方面表现出更好的兼容性,达到了转型的既定目标,与这些国家独特的转型条件(包括初始条件和约束条件)是分不开的。

Since the late 1980s and early 1990s, Central and Eastern Europe have transformed their political and economic systems. Making a comprehensive survey of their transformations is not only of theoretical value but also has important practical significance. Compared with Russia and other former Soviet countries, the tran- sition in Central and Eastern Europe is very unique and has been more successful. Because their democracy and market economy are much closer to Western standards, Poland and other Central European countries have a- chieved a higher level of democratization and marketization, and thus transformed more successfully. With the vast majority of Central and Eastern European countries joining NATO and the EU, their goal of ＂returning to Europe＂ has been achieved. The reason that CEE countries have better compatibility in terms of democracy and marketization and reached their transition goals is closely related to their unique transformation conditions. No matter what the initial conditions of transformation or what constraints there were, most Central and Eastern Eu- rope countries achieved better results in democratization, marketization and Westernization because they had better conditions （both initial and final conditions） for doing so.