王念孙、俞樾与东晋至宋的“句法”术语之比较

Comparison between the Term “Syntax”in Wang and Yu's Works and the One from Eastern Jin to Song Dynasty

"句法"一术语较早出现在东晋的佛译文献。其后该术语在清代语言学者的论著中常常被使用。以王念孙、俞樾等人的著述为例,对不同时期进行比较,大约可看出,东晋至宋这段时期的"句法"与清代王氏、俞氏所使用的"句法",其含义相同又有不同。相同的一面主要表现在:"句法"概念的外延均大于今之语法学"句法"概念的外延;"句法"一术语均没有进行过明确的定义;"句法"一术语均是用在行文时说明某一类具体的语言现象,而且随文的"句法"含义也会随之不同。

The term ＂syntax＂ first appeared in the works in Eastern Jin Dynasty about the translation of Buddhist scriptures, then it was often used in the works of scholars in Qing Dynasty. The term ＂Syntax＂ in Wang Niansun and Yu Yue＇ s works, for in-stance, in comparison with the one from Eastern Jin to Song Dynasty, is sometimes in common and sometimes different. In re- spect of the commonality, the range of both ＂Syntax＂ are wider than the one in modem times, and both ＂Syntax＂ were not accu- rately defined, and both ＂ Syntax＂ are used to explain the certain phenomenon of language, and the meaning of them are different in different context.