彩色多普勒超声诊断先天性下腔静脉畸形的临床应用价值

The value of color Doppler ultrasound in the diagnosis of congenital anomalies of the inferior vena cava

目的分析不同类型先天性下腔静脉畸形的彩色多普勒超声表现及其相应的临床特征,探讨彩色多普勒超声诊断先天性下腔静脉畸形的临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析2009年7月至2012年3月于南京军区福州总医院超声诊断科行腹部彩色多普勒超声检查患者的临床资料,共发现22例先天性下腔静脉畸形,采用分段、多切面、自下而上或自上而下顺序进行超声扫查,结合二维、彩色多普勒、频谱多普勒超声逐段分析并进行最后的诊断,所有病例均为计算机体层扫描静脉造影、数字减影血管造影或临床其他检查所证实。结果 22例下腔静脉畸形中包括左下腔静脉5例,超声表现为肾后段腹主动脉左侧上行的下腔静脉与左肾静脉汇合,肾前段跨越腹主动脉前方至右侧下腔静脉。双下腔静脉3例,超声表现为肾后段腹主动脉两侧上行的下腔静脉,肾前段左侧下腔静脉跨越腹主动脉前方经右侧下腔静脉回流入右心房;部分左下腔静脉和双下腔静脉患者伴有左肾静脉压迫。下腔静脉膜性梗阻3例,临床表现均为布-加综合征,超声显示肝后段下腔静脉右心房入口处见隔膜高回声带,彩色多普勒血流成像示肝后段下腔静脉右心房入口处未见血流,静脉腔内见逆心性血流流入腰静脉、腰升静脉。左肾静脉畸形11例,其中腹主动脉后左肾静脉9例,环主动脉型左肾静脉1例,后左肾静脉汇入左髂总静脉1例,9例伴有左肾静脉压迫。结论彩色多普勒超声可清晰显示下腔静脉及其属支的畸形,评价血流动力学的变化及其相应的临床表现,可成为下腔静脉畸形的重要诊断方法。

Objective To analyze the congenital anomalies of inferior vena cava （IVC） with their color Doppler and clinical features, and to evaluate the value of color Doppler ultrasound in the diagnosis of congenital anomalies of the IVC. Methods Between July 2009 and March 2012, 22 patients who were diagnosed as IVC anomalies by color and spectral Doppler ultrasound were retrospectively analyzed. After careful and comprehensive scanning on multiple planes, the final diagnosis was made based on the findings obtained on B-mode, color Doppler and spectral Doppler ultrasound. All the results obtained by sonography were compared with computerized tomography angiography, digital subtraction angiography, and other clinical examinations. Results There were 22 cases diagnosed as congenital anomalies of IVC, including 5 cases of the left IVC, 3 cases of the double IVC, 3 cases of membranous obstruction of the IVC （MOVC） and 11 cases of the anomalies of the left renal vein. In left IVC, the infrarenal left-sided IVC entered into the left renal vein, then crossed anterior to the aorta to join the right-sided suprarenal IVC. In double IVC, bilateral IVCs could be seen on both sides of the abdominal aorta, and the left IVC joined the right IVC over aorta then entered into the right atrium. Some patients of the left IVC and double IVC had left renal vein hypertension. All the cases of MOVC in our study presented as Budd-Chiari syndrome, in which B-mode ultrasonography showed the existence of the membranous obstruction in inferior vena cava at the level of entrance to the right atrium. On color Doppler flow image （CDFI）, reverse blood flow into lumbar and ascending lumbar vein was found. Eleven cases of left renal vein malformations were also seen in present study, including 9 cases of retroaortic left renal vein, 1 case of circumaortic left renal vein and 1 case of the left renal vein into the left common iliac vein. Among them, 9 cases were associated with left renal vein hypertension. Conclusion Color and spectral Doppler ultrasound can clearly identify the congenital anomalies of IVC with the evaluation of their hemodynamic modification, and can be used as an important approach in the diagnosis of the anomalies of the IVC.