阿尔茨海默病、轻度认知障碍、健康老人脑电图及神经心理学测试比较研究

Comparative study of electroencephalogram, neuropsychological tests in patients with Alzheimer disease, mild cognitive impairment and elderly healthy people

目的 比较阿尔茨海默病（AD）、轻度认知障碍（MCI）、健康老人脑电图（EEG）及神经心理学测试（MMSE）特点.方法 选择2012年1月～2013年1月海军总医院海空勤体检中心进行检查的老年MCI患者115例为MCI组,选择同期AD患者共105例为AD组,健康体检老年人80名为对照组.三组均进行EEG检查和MMSE测试并比较检查结果.结果 ①MCI组EEG总异常61例（53.0％）,AD组EEG总异常98例（93.3％）,对照组EEG总异常24例（30.0％）,三组EEG总异常发生率比较,差异有高度统计学意义（x2-87.87,P＜0.01）.②三组MMSE评分中,时间、地点定向,即刻记忆,计算、回忆、命名、复述、阅读、结构、书写能力,三步命令,总分等项目差异均有统计学意义（P＜ 0.05或P＜0.01）.两两比较中,MCI组地点定向,计算、回忆、结构、书写能力评分与对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义（P＜ 0.05或P＜0.01）;而AD组时间、地点定向,即刻记忆,计算、回忆、命名、复述、阅读、结构、书写能力,三步命令等各项评分与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义（P＜ 0.05或P＜0.01）,而与MCI组比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.MCI组和AD组MMSE总分与对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义（P＜ 0.05或P＜ 0.01）.结论 EEG检查并结合MMSE量表评价可对MCI患者做出较为准确的评价,是能够早期对MCI做出诊断的有效方法.

Objective To compare the characteristics of electroencephalogram （EEG）, neuropsychological tests in elder ly healthy people and patients with mild cognitive impairment （MCI）, Alzheimer disease （AD）. Methods 115 cases with MCI from January 2012 to January 2013 in Department of Haikongqin Medical Center, Navy General Hospital were se lected as MCI group, 105 patients in the same term with AD were chosen as AD group, and 80 healthy elderly people were selected as control group. EEG and MMSE were used to test and the result was compared. Results 61 cases （53.0%） with EEG total abnormity in MCI group, 98 cases （93.3%） with EEG total abnormity in AD group, 24 cases （30.0%） EEG total abnormity in control group were found; the difference of occurrence rate of EEG total abnormity in three groups was statistically significant （X2=87.87, P 〈 0.01）. The differences of time orientation, place orientation, immediate memory, calculation capability, memory capability, nomenclature capability, retelling ability, reading ability, structure ability, writing ability, three-step command, total points in MMSE score among three groups were statistically significant （P 〈 0.05 or P 〈 0.01）. The differences of place orientation, calculation capability, memory capability, struc ture ability, writing ability scores between MCI group and control group were statistically significant （P 〈 0.05 or P 〈 0.01）. The differences of time orientation, place orientation, immediate memory, calculation capability, memory capability, nomenclature capability, retelling ability, reading ability, structure ability, writing ability, three-step command scores between AD group and control group were statistically significant （P 〈 0.05 or P 〈 0.01）; the differences of above in dexes between AD group and MCI group were not statistically significant （P 〉 0.05）. The difference of total point be tween MCI group, AD group and control group was statistically significant （P 〈 0.05 or P 〈 0.01）. Conclusion EEG com bined with MMSE scale can give accurate evaluation of the MCI patients, it is an effective method to diagnose MCI.