蜡梅营养器官的解剖结构特征

Anatomical Structure Characteristics of Vegetative Organs of Chimonanthus praecox

采用组织离析法和石蜡切片法研究蜡梅营养器官解剖学结构的结果表明:蜡梅芽具有芽鳞;蜡梅具有典型的异面叶,表皮角质层较厚,表皮具有表皮毛,气孔多集中在下表皮,为平行列型;栅栏组织由两层细胞组成,栅栏组织与海绵组织厚度的比值高,主脉维管束呈列状排列,木纤维和韧皮纤维较发达;蜡梅根的初生木质部导管数量多、口径大,髓部为木质部占据;次生根周皮增厚;幼茎木质部含有较多的导管,茎中韧皮纤维和髓部发达;老茎的维管束紧密排列连成环状,茎的每个突起部位都有成团的韧皮纤维;蜡梅解剖结构特点说明腊梅与其山林干燥、寒冷的生长环境相适应,具有耐旱性及抗寒性。

The anatomical structures of the vegetative organs of Chimonanthus praecox were studied by using tissue segregation procedure and paraffin method. The results showed that the bud had bud scale. The leaf of C. praecox was typical bifacial with thick cuticles and epidermal hairs in epidermis, and the stomata were located mostly in lower epidermis of leaf by paracytic type. The palisade tissue was composed of 2 layers of cells, and the ratio of the palisade tissue and spongy tissue thickness was high. The vascular bundle of vein arranged in row, and xylogen and bast fiber were strong. The vessel of primary xylem in root was in quantity and big, and the pith was full of xylem. The periderm of the secondary root thickened. Xylem of the young stem contained more vessels and developed phloem fibres and pith. The vascular bundle of mature stem was closely ring arranged. And there are conglobate phloem fibres in every protruding parts. These anatomical structure characteristics indicate that C. praecox has adaptability to the dry or cold environment, with cold resistance and drought resistance plant characteristics.