断层涂抹层分布规律的物理模拟实验研究

Simulation experiment on distribution of fault smear layer.

根据库仑 摩尔黏性或非黏性摩擦材料的塑性变形和破坏理论 ,制作了剪切模拟实验装置 ,以黏土、砂、水泥等作为不同厚度、不同成岩程度的砂泥岩地层的替代物 ,进行了大量断层涂抹层形成的剪切断裂实验。根据对实验结果的观测分析 ,认为处于泥岩成岩作用早期阶段的生长断层易形成断层涂抹层 ,非生长断层一般不形成涂抹层 ;断层的初期活动对形成涂抹层起积极作用 ,再次活动对涂抹层起破坏作用 ;断层涂抹层的分布长度与断移泥岩层的厚度、泥岩含水量、一定范围内的断距呈正比关系 ,涂抹层的厚度与断移泥岩层的厚度、泥岩含水量呈正比关系 ,与断距呈反比关系。这一物理模拟实验研究为揭示断层涂抹层的地下发育规律、定量研究断层对油气的封闭性提供了依据。

According to Coulomb Mohr theory about plastic deformation and breakage of viscous or nonviscous friction material, the simulating experiment set to simulate fault smear is designed and installed, after sandstone and mudstone layers of varied thickness and diagenetic stage are sculptured with slay, sand and cement, a lot of experiment is done by the set. The quantitative relationship of smear layer length and thickness vs. the lithology, thickness and diagenetic stage of strata faulted, and fault displacement are found by observing and analyzing the experiment results. The experiment has brought to light the distribution laws of smear layer in underground, and provided scientific basis for quantitatively studying fault seal to oil and gas.