干旱矿区水资源迁移与“保水采煤”思路探讨

Water migration in arid mining area and thought of“water preserved mining”

为了解干旱矿区水资源迁移情况,本文以位于陕北地区的神南矿区为例,选择"十二五"末期为时间点,开展了潜水漏失程度评价分区,采后水资源量预测,采空区水质分析对比等工作。结果显示:煤炭开采使得矿区内水资源含蓄总量增加,采空区水是增长的主体。继而提出以水资源含蓄总量作为干旱矿区煤炭开采"保水采煤"效果的评价标准:如果采前矿区内可利用水资源总量(V采前)大于采后(V采后),表明水资源量整体是流失的,相反,则认为煤炭开采相对提高了区域水资源含蓄能力,煤炭开采有利于保护水资源。以此标准,神南矿区开采后水资源环境得到了改善。

Large-scale mining has produced great influence on local fragile eco-environment in North-ern Shaanxi, such as leakage of aquifer and reduction of flows. Under this background, to acquire the migration situations of water resources in arid mining area, taking Shennan Mining Area in Northern Shaanxi as example, a series of works were carried out to study the division evaluation of water re-sources’ leakage degree, water resources quantity forecasting after mining, and analysis and comparison of water quality in goaf. The results show that the gross quantity of water resources in the mining area increases after mining, and the water in goaf is the main source of the growth. Consequently, the gross amount of water resources is proposed as the evaluation standard of “water preserved mining”. If the gross amount of water resources before mining is greater than that after mining, the water resources are running off on the whole. On the contrary, it is considered that the mining process can improve the oc-cur rence condition of water resources in some specified region, that is, the coal mining is beneficial to water resources protection. From above standard, water resources environment in Shennan Mining Area is improved.