重庆地区唐代佛教摩崖龛像调查

THE SURVEY OF THE BUDDHIST CLIFF SCULPTURES IN CHONGQING MUNICIPALITY

重庆境内除大足县以外的唐代佛教摩崖龛像的调查工作开展于二十世纪五十年代，较早的调查是西南博物院（重庆中国三峡博物或重庆博物馆前身）对潼南县大佛寺东岩和西岩龛像群的调查，现存有珍贵的照片资料。1970年代，重庆博物馆工作人员对合川濮岩寺进行了调查，尚存照片资料。1985年，忠县文管所对忠县临江岩唐代摩崖龛像进行了调查[1]。第二次文物普查期间，重庆博物馆对大足县、合川区等地的唐代摩崖龛像做了考古调查[2]，与重庆大足石刻艺术博物馆共同发现了大足县尖子山和圣水寺两处唐代摩崖龛像群[3]。

The Buddhist cliff sculptures of the Tang Dynasty in Chongqing Municipality, including niches and statues, are mainly distributed along the banks of the Yangtze and Jialing Rivers in Tongnan, Dazu, Hechuan, Tongliang, Zhongxian, Yunyang Counties and districts, a- mong which the ones along the banks of Jialing River were in largest quantity and scale and earlier dates. Considering that the Buddhist cliff sculptures in Dazu County and the Three Gorges Reservoir area have been published successively, this report only includes the cliff sculptures in Tongnan, Hechuan and Tongliang Counties, of which the Buddhist cliff niches and statues of the Tang Dynasty in Tongnan County are the most important. In addition to the large amounts of the cliff sculptures of the mid and late Tang Dynasty, in recent years, the cliff niches of the High Tang Period found at Nanjiawan in Xuejiacun Village, Chongkan Town are the most valuable. At Nanjiawan, some well preserved niches of the mid and late Tang Dynasty containing the motifs of ＂the Transformation scene of the Western Pui＇e Land＂ and ＂the Transformation scene of Amitayurdhyana Sutra＂ are never seen in other places within the Chongqing Municipality. The pictorial materials of sutra pillars, bridges, pavilions and halls and other architectures enriched the database of the research materials of the ancient architecture in this area. What the most important is the Niche no. 9 at Nanji- awan opened in the late Tang Dynasty： its sculpture motif is the combination of the Confu- cianism, Buddhism and Taoism, which would be the succeeding and development of the sculpture motif of the combination of Buddhism and Taoism popular in the Sichuan area dur- ing the Tang Dynasty and the result of the eastward and southward diffusion of the motif of the combination of Buddhism and Taoism from Sichuan area. Estimated from this appear- ance, the motif of the triple-religion combination would have emerged the first in Chongqing area. In general, the Buddhist cliff sculptures distributed in Chongqing area in the east of Sichuan Basin are mostly finished in the mid and late Tang Dynasty and the ones finished in the late Tang period bear clear characteristics.