中国南方汉族群体的头面部特征

Craniofacial Characteristics of the Han Ethnic Groups in South China

2009年至2012年研究组调查了中国南方汉族19个群体13940例(男性为6735例,女性为7205例)头面部的22项测量指标,并计算出12项头面部指数,对华东汉族、华南汉族、华中汉族、西南汉族的头面部特征进行了比较研究。结果显示:1)南方汉族4个族群之间头面部特征存在较明显的差异。男性中,华东汉族头最高,头最宽,额最宽,容貌面高值大;华中汉族头最长,面最宽、下颌角间宽度最大;西南汉族形态面高值最大;华南汉族几乎所有的指标值在4个族群中都是最小的。2)女性中,华东汉族头最宽,容貌面高最大;华南汉族额最宽,头高值最大:华中汉族头最长,面最宽,下颌角间最宽;西南汉族面最高。3)南方汉族4个族群的男性、女性均为圆头型、高头型、中头型;华东汉族、华南汉族、华中汉族属于中面型,西南汉族为狭面型;华东汉族、华南汉族、华中汉族属于中鼻型,西南汉族为狭鼻型。对南方汉族体质的形成进行了初步分析。

Between 2009 and 2012, 13940 Han （male 6735, female 7205） in South China had 22 craniofacial characteristics measured. Twelve indexes of craniofacial exponent characteristics were calculated including some comparisons of craniofacial characteristics among east, south, central and southwestern China. The results show that： 1） There are obvious differences in craniofacial characteristics among these four Han ethnic groups in South China. Han men of eastern China have the tallest and widest head, the widest forehead, and large values of physiognomic facial heights; men from central China have the longest head, widest face, and the largest bigonial breadth; men from southwestern China have the largest morphological facial height; and men from southern China have the smallest values for nearly all the indices of the four ethnic groups. 2） Han women of eastern China have the widest head and largest values of physiognomic facial heights; women from southern China have the widest forehead and maximum head height; women from central China have the longest head, the widest face, and the widest bigonial breadth; women from southwestern China have the highest face. 3） Both Han men and women in the four ethnic groups in South China are of brachycephalic, hypsicephalic and metriocephalic head types. The groups from eastern, southern and central China belong to mesoprosopic type, while the group from southwestern China belongs to leptoprosopic type. People from eastern, southern and central China belong to mesorrhiny type, while the people from southerwestern are leptorrhiny ones.