microRNA在牙齿发育和进化中作用的研究进展

The research progress of microRNA in tooth development and evolution

microRNA（miRNA）是一类在进化上高度保守、长度约20～24nt的小分子非编码RNA。microRNA~过转录后调节基因的表达，在细胞，器官和生物体的发育过程中发挥关键作用。本文就microRNA在牙齿发育中的表达、对牙釉质与牙本质发育的影响以及微调控作用和进化中作用的研究进展做一综述，初步阐述microRNA在牙齿发育和进化中的表达，变化以及作用机制，为深入研究牙齿的发育和进化机制奠定基础。

microRNA is a kind of micromolecules non-coding RNA with highly conserved evolution and an approximate length of 20nt to 24nt. It plays a critical role in cell, organs and organisms development by post-transcriptional gene regulation. The present article reviews the research progress of microRNA function in tooth development, enamel development, dentin development, fine-tuning of molecular mechanisms and evolution, and tries to elaborate microRNA expression in the process, so as to lay the foundation for further research of the mechanism of tooth development and evolution.