microRNAs与骨骼肌疾病

microRNAs and skeletal muscle diseases

MicroRNA(miRN A)是一类长度约为22个核苷酸的非编码单链RNA分子,它能与mRNA的特定位点结合,参与转录后基因表达调控,从而抑制蛋白质的合成。因此,它在调节基因转录与表达,调控生物体正常发育等各个生理过程中扮演重要角色,同时也对人类疾病的防治以及生物进化探索有着重要意义。有关miRNAs和骨骼肌之间的研究主要集中在miRNAs与骨骼肌生长发育、骨骼肌损伤、骨骼肌疾病。一些普遍表达的miRNAs在胚胎骨骼肌发育和成体骨骼肌再生过程中起着促进作用,且miRNAs调节异常是骨骼肌疾病的一个共同特征。本文主要就miRNAs的生物合成过程和生物学特性,miRNAs在骨骼肌发育过程中的主要功能,以及miRNA对骨骼肌相关疾病的影响和作用作一综述。

MicroRNA（miRNA） is a class of -22nt non-coding single stranded RNA that combined with the specific site of mRNA and involved in post-transcriptional gene regulation to inhibit protein synthesis. Therefore, miRNAs play a key role on regulating gene transcription and expression and controlling normal development of the organism, meanwhile it＇ s important for the treatment of human diseases and the exploration of biological evolution. The relationship of miRNA and skeletal muscle mainly focused on the miRNAs with skeletal muscle growth, skeletal muscle injury and skeletal muscle diseases. Some ubiquitously expressed miRNAs are essential for embryonic muscle development and muscle regeneration in adults, while miRNA dysregulation is a common feature of muscle diseases. This review will simply outline the biosynthesis process and biological characteristics of miRNAs, the main function of miRNAs in skeletal muscle growth, and especially the influence of miRNAs on skeletal muscle diseases.