高血压合并冠心病患者家属照顾者社会支持、压力及应对方式研究

Analysis of social support,caregiving burden and coping strategies among family caregivers of hypertension with coronary heart disease patients in community

目的分析社区高血压合并冠心病患者家属照顾者社会支持情况及其与压力、应对方式的相关性,为制定具体可行的压力应对干预模式提供参考依据。方法对福州市25个社区196例中有压力的高血压合并冠心病患者家属照顾者66例进行社会支持、压力及应对方式的测量。结果 66例家属照顾者社会支持总分为(36.50±5.67)分,国内常模为(34.56±3.73)分,差异有统计学意义(t=2.782,P=0.007),且60.6%的家属照顾者表示社会支持度一般。Spearman相关分析结果显示,社会支持水平、客观支持、主观支持、社会支持利用度与家属照顾者ZBI压力总分及ZBI等级、个人负担、角色负担均呈负相关(P<0.01);积极应对方式与家属照顾者社会支持总分、社会支持水平、客观支持、社会支持利用度呈正相关(P<0.05或<0.01);积极应对方式与家属照顾者ZBI压力总分及ZBI等级、个人负担、角色负担呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论高血压合并冠心病患者家属照顾者社会支持情况有待提高,且其社会支持、压力及应对方式存在一定的相关性。

Objective To analysis of caregiving burden, coping strategies and social support among primary family caregivers of hypertension with coronary heart disease patients in community, and provide a basis for stress coping strategies intervention model. Methods Convenience sampling method was used to select 66 family caregivers of hypertension with coronary heart disease patients from 25 communities in Fuzhou City. Results Social support score （36. 50 ± 5.67） for primary family caregivers of hypertension with coronary heart disease patients were higher than the national norm （ 34. 56 ± 3.73 ） , with a statistically significant defferenee （ t = 2. 782, P = 0. 007 ）. 60. 6% of family social support was in the mid- dle level. Spearman analysis showed that total score of ZBI pressure, ZBI pressure level, the personal burden and role burden in family caregivers were negatively related to level of social support, objective support, subjective support and the utilization of social support （ P 〈 O. 01 or P 〈 0.05 ）. Positive coping was negatively related to total score of ZBI pressure, ZBI pressure level, personal burden and role burden of family caregivers （P 〈 0. 01 ）. But positive relation were found between positive coping and total score of social support, social support level, objective support and utilization of social support （P 〈 O. 01 ）. Conclusion The social support of primary caregivers in hypertension with coronary heart disease patient families need to be improved, and there is some correlation between their social support, stress and coping style.