不同肥料组合对马铃薯产量、生物性状和土壤肥力的影响

Effects of Different Fertilizer Combination on Potato Yield, Biological Traits and Soil Fertility

为了研究马铃薯专用肥和缓释肥与有机肥配施对马铃薯产量作用及生物性状和土壤肥力的影响，进行了不同肥料组合的大田试验。结果表明：与不施肥处理相比，不同肥料组合马铃薯产量提高了69．82％～177．85％，以高量缓释肥＋有机肥处理产量最高，专用肥＋有机肥处理其次。不同肥料组合均较不施肥处理提高了马铃薯株高、茎粗、商品薯率和叶绿素含量，分别为82．91％～230．77％、50．65％～72．70％、109．93％～125．18%和15．95％～23．97％，以高量缓释肥＋有机肥处理综合效果最佳。各施肥处理对马铃薯薯块氮、磷和钾含量分别提高了1．09％～74．24％、2．45％～20．25％和37．05％～56．83％。施用马铃薯专用肥配施有机肥可提高马铃薯土壤大量元素有效养分含量，改善土壤肥力水平。

Xuanshu 2, a potato variety, was tested in field under different fertilizer combination to study the effects on potato yield, agronomic traits and soil fertility. The results showed that the potato yield under different fertilizer combinations increased by 69. 82G ～ 177. 85G compared with CK, the potato yield under 1500 kg/hm2 slow release fertilizer ＋ 15 000 kg/hm2organic manure was the highest, followed by under 750 kg/hm2special potato fertilizer ＋ 15 000 kg/hm2organic manure. The height, stem diameter, commodity potato rate and chlorophyll content under different fertilizer combinations increased by 82.91%～230.77%, 50.65%～72.70%, 109.93%～125.18% and 15.95%～23.97% compared with CK separately and the 1 500 kg/hm2slow release fertilizer ＋ 15 000 kg/hm2organic manure treatment had the optimum comprehensive effect on Xuanshu 2. The content of N, P and K in potato under different fertilizer combinations increased by 1. 09% ～ 74. 24%/00, 2. 45%～ 20. 25% and 37. 05% ～ 56. 8% respectively compared with CK. Applying special potato fertilizer plus organic manure can raise effective nutrient content of macro-elements in soil and improve soil fertility level.