快换式电动公交充电站经济运行优化策略

Optimal Strategy for Economic Operation of Electric Bus Battery Swapping Station

备用电池数量、充电时长是影响换电站换电能力的主要因素。基于车辆进站流量分析,提出了描述换电需求和电池充电产量的函数,进一步分析了两者之间的关系,提出了针对电价峰段的充电控制方法。以北京奥运电动公交充电站为例阐述了经济运行优化策略的应用步骤,并编写了计算机仿真程序进行验证。结果表明:所提经济运行优化策略在满足任意时刻换电需求的条件下可显著降低电价峰段用电量,较大幅度地减少换电站的电费支出。同时,该策略所包含的算法及边界条件非常清晰,容易嵌入充电管理系统实现换电站的经济运行优化控制。

The reserved battery number and the charging duration are main factors to affect the energy supply capacity of electric bus battery swapping station. Based on the analysis of vehicle flow, two formulas are presented to describe required battery amount and charged battery amount respectively. Moreover, with analyzing the relation between the two formulas, a charging control method for the peak period is provided. According to the field test data and statistical results of the electric bus swapping station for 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, the procedures of optimal strategy for economic operation have been given. Then a computer simulation program is prepared to verify the strategy. Simulation results show that the proposed strategy can reduce power consumption of peak periods and electricity costs markedly while it meets the condition at swapping demand. In addition, the algorithm and boundary conditions are very clear, and it is easy to be embedded into a charging management system to implement economic optimization for bus battery swapping stations.