新月形沙丘研究进展

A Review of Barchan Dunes

新月形沙丘是最简单且研究较深入的风积地貌,对其研究已有较长的历史。总结和扼要评述国内外对新月形沙丘形态与移动特征、形成条件与过程、流场与蚀积特征、粒度与构造特征及分布与相互作用的研究成果;分析了对其未来的研究趋势。

Barchan dunes are the most common and more in-depth researched aeolian landform, which have been learnt for a long time. This study briefly reviews the shapes and migration, formation conditions and process, flow field and erosion, grain size and structure, distribution and interaction of barchan dunes, and analyzes its study trends. Although a lot of important progress has been made in the study of barchan dune, there are still many problems needs to be solved. Firstly, shapes and migration are the most obvious characters of the barchan dune and have been researched since 1940. However, in the same region where the shapes of barchan dune are varied, the reasons are worth studying. Meanwhile, the researches in barchan dunes migration were concentrated on long period of time interval, while the short time interval studies, such as season and sand storm event, are critical in the projects of windbreak and sand-fixation, but have been concerned little. Secondly, in the formation condition and process, whether EST can stand for sand availability or not and which parameters can instead of it are still needed to answer. Meantime, experiments of the formation process are few, which are very important to prove the conceptual model. Thirdly, in the flow field of barchans dunes, how to measure shear force and the turbulent are very important aspects to study since how sand movement and deposition in the turbulent condition are the microscopic factors to explain the evolution. Moreover, studies of barchans dune structures are limited, so we can use new technologies, such as GPR（Ground Penetrating Radar） in the future. At last, distribution and interaction of barchan dunes are hot fields, where many studies have been done. However, they are still to be advanced and qualitative, and lots of problems are needed to solve. For instance, process, mass change and control condition of interaction, formation and development mechanism of barchans dune distribution.