美国页岩气水平井钻井提速提效案例与启示

Improvement of Drilling Speed and Efficiency of US Shale Gas Horizontal Well

自2004年起,美国开始大规模应用水平井开发页岩气,水平井钻井数量呈爆发式增长。随着技术的进步,美国页岩气水平井的平均水平段长度不断增加,钻井周期不断缩短,单位进尺钻完井费用持续降低。通过美国的Fayetteville气田、Marcellus页岩气产区、Eagle Ford页岩气产区3个案例,具体分析了该国页岩气水平井钻井提速提效措施,主要包括简化井身结构,应用工厂化作业模式及配套钻机,采用个性化高效钻头及油基钻井液,以及高效实用的常规导向钻井技术或旋转导向钻井技术。最后针对我国现状,提出了大力推行工厂化钻井、加快发展旋转导向钻井、重点发展个性化钻头和钻井液、提高钻井设备可靠性和耐用性等建议。

The United States started to use horizontal well for large-scale development of shale gas in 2004,leading to rapid increase of horizontal wells.With the progress made in technology,the average horizontal length of US shale gas horizontal well is on the rise while the drilling period is continually shortened.The cost of well completion for unit footing is on the decline.Based on three cases,this paper analyzes the measures to improve speed and efficiency of US shale gas horizontal well,which include simplification of wellbore structure,adoption of factory-style operation and a system of drilling rigs,use of customized high-efficiency bit and oil-based drilling fluid,and adoption of high-efficiency and applicable conventionally-steering drilling technology and rotary steering drilling technology.Based on China's current conditions,this paper comes up with a series of suggestions,such as promoting factory-style drilling operation,accelerating development of rotary steering drilling technology,focusing on customized drilling bit and drilling fluid,and improving reliability and durability of drilling equipment.