俄罗斯和德国在历史反思问题上的分歧与争论

Differences and arguments in introspection of history between Russia and Germany

俄罗斯和德国历史上都有让人震惊的"黑色"篇章,它们既有各自所属的单独篇章,也有紧密相缠的共同部分。俄罗斯(含苏联)和德国战后对待"黑色"篇章的态度差别很大:苏联对历史上的"黑暗"现象基本上是讳莫如深,苏联的继承国俄罗斯则要一分为二地对待苏联及其领导人斯大林;德国完全否定和严厉批判第三帝国及其领导人希特勒。在如二战这些共同的历史问题上,俄罗斯和德国也存在着严重的分歧和争论。造成俄德两国对待"黑色"历史不同态度和引起它们在共同历史问题上分歧与争论的主要原因是它们各不相同的社会制度、价值体系和民族性格。

Both Russia and Germany has 'black' chapters in their history.Each country has its own black chapter(s),respectively,while they also have some 'common' chapters.The former concerns with country' s social development.The latter created grave geopolitical consequences.However,Russia(including the Soviet Union) and Germany have very different attitudes toward the black chapters after the WWII.The Soviet Union has kept them dark for a long time,while Germans criticized Hitler,the leader of the Third Reich.Both countries has very heat quarrel on some issues of the WWII as well.The author believes that different attitude to history originated from different social systems,values and national characters.