技术创新专有化手段交互作用的实证研究

An Empirical Study on the Interactive Effects among Appropriability Methods of Technological Innovation

从技术创新中获益对企业在知识经济时代的生存和发展至关重要,专有化手段是企业获取创新收益的关键途径。专有化手段构成一个相互联系并交互作用的复杂网络,基于高效保护技术创新和收益的视角,根据220家中国制造业的产品创新企业数据,采用皮尔逊相关系数法探索并验证5类专有化手段及其下属措施之间的替代性和互补性,利用最小生成树算法分析专有化手段关联网络的聚类结构。研究结果表明,技术知识的隐性属性与知识产权法律保护之间存在替代性,除技术知识的隐性属性外的其他4类专有化手段之间呈现互补性;技术知识的隐性属性与技术保密中的雇佣关系长期化、领先时间下的率先市场化之间存在替代性;专有化手段的具体措施之间存在类内差异小、类间差异大、互补性多、替代性少等特征。研究结果有助于企业确立专有化手段选择的基本依据,推动技术创新专有性的管理实践。

Profiting from technological innovations is essential for enterprises to survive and develop in the era of knowledge econ -omy, and appropirability methods play a central role in gaining innovation profits .Appropirability methods constitute an interre-lated and interactive complex network .Based on the view of efficient protection of technological innovation and profits and by u -sing of the data from 220 product innovation firms in Chinese manufacturing industries , this paper explores the substitution and complementation of five approprirability methods and their subordinate approaches through pearson correlation , and analyses the clustering structure of the appropirability methods′interrelated network through minimum spanning tree algorithm .The results show that：①there is a substitution effect between the tacitness of technological knowledge and intellectual property rights , while there are complementary effects between any two of the other four appropriability methods ; ②there are substitution effects be-tween tacitness of technological knowledge and long-term employment in technical security , and between tacitness and first entry to market in the lead time condition; and ③specific appropirability measures exist low differences within clusters , high differ-ences between clusters , many complementary effects and few substitution effects .Research findings are beneficial for enterprises to establish basic guidelines in choosing appropriability methods and to promote management practices in appropriability of tech -nological innovation .