自然“近在眼前”与作为“社会角色”——部分文学生态批评分析的基本结果

Nature“Out There”and as“A Social Player”:Some Basic Consequences for a Literary Ecocritical Analysis

以下文章主张生态批评作为居中协调的位置,处于写实主义与后结构主义拥护者之间;前者天真烂漫地坚持重新评价"真实"且产生于论述之前的宇宙,后者仅将自然视为文本。这种居中调解的角色定位可以追溯到唐娜·海若威(Donna Haraway)与恩·凯瑟琳·海勒司(N.Katherine Hayles),两人皆试图在建构主义与客观主义之间维持困难的平衡。本论文最后从生态批评文学分析衍生出四个基本结论,此分析奠基于自然既是物理界—物质的实体也是文化建构的概念,它们将被理解为反映文化再现的生态阅读蓝图。

The following essay argues for a mediating position in ecocriticism between proponents of a naive realism who insist on a re-evaluation of the ＂actual＂, prediscursive universe and proponents of poststructuralism who understand nature as a text. Such a mediating position can be derived from the theories of Donna Haraway and N. Katherine Hayles, both of whom try to maintain a difficult balance between consequences for an ecocritical literary analysis based on the conception of nature both as a physical-material entity and as a cultural construction. They are to be understood as a kind of blueprint for an ecocritical reading of cultural representations.