低温冻害对黔南州农作物的生产影响及防冻措施

Low Temperature and Freezing Injury to Growth of Crops and Anti-freezing Countermeasures

黔南州近年年初常出现低温冻害天气,冻害发生时气温在0℃以下,造成全州油菜、小麦、蔬菜和果树等农作物生产受到严重影响。据黔南州农业部门统计,2011—2013年平均每年农作物受灾面积为26700hm2,成灾面积4860hm2,绝收面积660hm2,因灾造成直接经济损失5 636.18万元。严重影响了农业增效,农民增收。针对黔南州农作物受低温冻害影响情况进行了调查,经详细分析提出低温冻害前农作物生产防冻措施,以减轻灾害给农业带来的损失。

Low temperature and freezing injury occurred in Qiannan recent years, which influenced the growth of rape, wheat, vegetables, fruit trees and other crops under 0℃. From the investigation data of Qiannan agricultural committee, the damage, serious damage and total crop failure area per year were 26700hm2 ,4860hm2 ,660hm2 ,respectively, which took a toll of 5. 6 ×10^7 yuan. it＇s seriously influenced agricultural production and benefits. The freezing injury to crops was investigated , antifreezing countermeasures were analyzed for decline the economic loss for agriculture.