最低工资、调整成本与收入分配效应的结构差异

Minimum Wage,Adjustment Costs and the Structure Differentiation of Income Distribution Effects

最低工资制度对劳动就业、收入分配和产业结构升级具有多重影响。文章通过构建一个纳入调整成本的劳动力需求模型,利用省级分行业数据,分析了最低工资制度的就业效应与工资性收入分配效应。结果发现,最低工资制度对低工资部门的就业存在一定的负面影响,尤其会造成经济欠发达的中西部省份就业机会的损失;最低工资制度目前未起到缩小工资收入分配差距的作用。因此文章建议,各级政府在实施劳动力市场干预制度时,应制定有针对性的促进低技术劳动者人力资本积累的配套政策。

The minimum wage system has multiple effects on employment,income distribution and industrial structure upgrade.This paper,using sector data at provincial level,estimates the employment effects and income distribution effects of the minimum wage system based on a simple labour demand model with adjustment costs.The results indicate that the minimum wage has a negative effect on employment of the lower wage sectors,especially in the less developed central and western provinces,leading to big losses of job opportunities.The minimum wage system,currently,has not played a role of narrowing the gap among the income distributions,especially in the eastern provinces.This study suggests that when governments at all levels intervene in labour market,it is necessary to introduce policies to promote human capital accumulation of low-skilled workers.