美国页岩气开发与全球能源结构的再平衡

Shale gas development in the U.S. is rebalancing the global energy mix

美国页岩气开发正在其国内和国际产生广泛影响,全球能源结构也将因此出现新一轮调整和再平衡的连锁反应。页岩气开发在一定意义上帮助美国实现了能源独立,丰富而廉价的天然气供应有利于美国经济的复苏,使得美国与能源安全有关的外交政策和地区安全政策都做出了相应的调整。从全球能源地缘政治的视角来看,美国页岩气开发将引起地区和全球天然气市场结构的变化,削弱传统天然气出口国的影响力,改变全球能源贸易关系和政治关系,并最终对全球经济竞争局面产生影响。但天然气作为碳氢化合物和不可再生资源的本质决定了它仅仅是传统能源发展模式的延续,保障能源安全的可持续模式应该集中在零排放的可再生能源发展模式上。

Shale gas development in the U.S. is exerting a wide influence on both a domestic and international scale. There will thus be a new distribution and rebalance in the global energy mix. Shale gas has helped the United States achieve a certain level of energy independence. It has also helped the U.S.'s economic recovery, and adjustment of how its foreign policy and regional security policy deals with energy security. From an energy geopolitics perspective US shale gas development is changing regional and global natural gas markets, weakening the traditional influence of natural gas exporting countries, and altering global energy trading and political relationships. Finally it will affect global economic competition. In conclusion, the global energy mix faces a rebalancing quadrilemma between rebalance of the globalenergy supply mix, energy consumption mix, security structure and energy power structure.