设施蔬菜水肥高效调控的研究进展

Research Progress on Efficient Regulation of Water and Fertilizer on Facilities Vegetable

设施蔬菜栽培由于受复种指数高、施肥量大、灌溉频繁、耕作制度和环境条件特殊的影响,土壤出现次生盐渍化、结构破坏、酸化板结和养分不协调等问题,不仅影响蔬菜商品效益和品质,而且严重损害土壤生态、环境以及人体健康。所以,加强设施蔬菜的节水灌溉及配套设施建设,优化水肥管理,合理调控水肥供应,提高土壤生态环境与质量,是实现设施蔬菜水肥最佳模式与配比和优质稳产的前提。概述了设施蔬菜的节水节肥和水肥调控效应的最新研究成果,提出了要实现设施蔬菜的绿色、高效和可持续发展还需重点研究的几个科学问题。

Because of high multiple crop index, excess fertilization, frequent irrigation, particular farming system and environmental condi- tion, serious problems of soil secondary stalinization, structure failure, acidification hardening and nutrient dysequilibrium are popular in facil- ities vegetable cultivation. These not only influenced market yield and quality of facilities vegetable, but also cause a serious injury to soil eco- logical environment and human health. Strengthening water-saving irrigation and supporting facilities, optimizing water and fertilizer manage- ment, rational regulation supply of water and fertilizer, improving soil ecological environment and the quality, has became a prerequisite of op- timal supply mode of water and fertilize and high quality and stable yield of vegetable. The latest research progress of water-saving, fertilizer- saving and regulation of vegetable water and fertilizer were summarized, and some scientific problems on the development of green, efficient and sustainable facilities vegetable were put forward.