论哈贝马斯对传统权利观念的超越与发展

The Breakthrough and Development of Habermas' Right Conception to the Traditional Conceptions

权利是民主政治的基础性变量,对于权利观念的理解始终是所有政治哲学理论的核心问题。与以往学术思潮不同的是,在哈贝马斯看来,权利既非自由主义者眼中以单一主体为基础的"人权",也非共和主义视域下以公共主体为依归的"人民主权",而是一套以"主体间性"结构为载体、兼顾私人自主与公共自主的综合体系。这种全新的权利观念超越了传统学说的偏狭立场,蕴含着极强的理论价值,对于现实社会体制的改革与发展亦具有一定的启示意义。

Right is the basic variable in a democratic political system, the understanding of this conception is always the core of all kinds of political philosophies. Unlike previous political philosophical researchers, Habermas is neither the liberals who claim the right is the “human right”which bases on the single subjects, nor the republicans who equate the right with the “popular sovereignty”which bases on the public subject. In his opinion, right is a combined system which takes intersubjectivity structure as carrier, and balances private autonomy and public autonomy. This new kind of right conception breaks through petty position of traditional theories, so its theory value is very strong. Besides, the conception is also revealing to drive the innovation and development of reality social system.