美国黑核桃与核桃、核桃楸木材材性的比较研究

Research on wood properties among Juglans nigra, Juglans regia and Juglans mandshurica grown in China

对引种美国黑核桃 (Juglansnigra)与国产核桃 (Juglansregia)、核桃楸 (Juglansmandshurica)木材解剖构造和主要木材材性的测定表明 ,美国黑核桃的心材解剖特征与核桃、核桃楸相比没有区别 ,而边材的木纤维壁厚、木纤维腔径比和壁腔比、木纤维比量、木射线比量差异均显著或极显著 ,其它特征没有差异 ;美国黑核桃主要木材物理力学性质与国产核桃、核桃楸以及北方常见的速生树种杨树、泡桐相比 ,木材材质好 ,但木材干缩性略差 ;美国黑核桃木材化学性质能满足胶合板生产要求。综合分析表明 ,美国黑核桃是可以在我国适生地区进行推广发展的优良工业用材树种。

American black walnut is one famous wood and nut fruit species which originally grows in U.S. and was introduced into China since 1989. In order to cultivate and develop the American black walnut as timber species in an appropriate way in China, the wood properties including wood structure, wood physico-mechanical and chemical properties of the American black walnut, English walnut and Manchurian walnut grown in China were evaluated. The results showed that wood structure of heartwood of American black walnut is not different from that of English walnut and Manchurian walnut, but the thickness, ratio of cell wall to cavity, ratio of cell diameter to cavity of wood fiber, proportion of wood ray, and proportion of wood fiber of sapwood among three walnut woods have significant differences ov very significant differences, whereas other structure parameters have no difference. The physico-mechanical properties except shrinkage of wood of American black walnut is better than that of not only the English walnut and Manchurian walnut, but also poplar and paulownia wood that are fast-growing species mainly produced in North China. Also the chemical properties of American black walnut wood satisfy the requirement for plywood and veneer production. It is suitable and practicable to spread the American black walnut as a best quality wood species in proper regions in China.