晚清海关与通商口岸城市调研

The Chinese Customs in Late Qing Dynasty and Its Investigate and Survey in Treaty Ports

晚清新式海关,即洋关,是晚清中国一个极其特殊的组织。与一般的海关不同,除遵照一系列中外条约的相关规定以及海关制定的规章开展监管、查私、征税和统计等四项本体业务外,晚清海关还曾兼管、兼办国内税关、邮政、海务、教育等各种事务,参与、介入清政府的政治、经济、外交和军事等各种活动。与此相呼应,晚清海关曾在各通商口岸城市展开各种调研,留下数量可观的调研档案资料。这些调研档案资料因覆盖面广、连续性强、权威性高、情报色彩浓厚,具有很高的史料价值。

The Chinese Customs in late Qing dynasty was a very special organization in modem China. In addition to being charged with supervising, suppressing smuggling, collecting tax and counting, the Chinese Customs also had a hand in Chinese politics, economy, foreign affairs and military affairs. Therefore the Chinese Customs developed a series of investigate and survey in treaty ports in China and remained a great deal of materials. This paper will exploit these materials and discuss these investigate and survey.