近现代中国民族国家构建之历程——民国中央政府统合边疆民族地区的理论探讨

The Nation-state Building of Modern China——the Theory of the Central Government of Republic of China Integrating Frontier Regions

近代的中国,外有列强对中国边疆地区的侵略与蚕食;内部"中华民族"的整合又滞后于以王朝为框架的国家整固,是以,在近现代国家发展中,边疆民族对国家的认同缓慢而曲折,边疆地区亦遭遇了种种民族国家认同危机,历届中央政府与边疆地区关系呈现出相对疏离之图景。于是,在一个近现代民族国家的框架内,如何统合传统的"各民族",进而在统一国家之下形成一个拥有广泛共同利益的中华民族("国族")共同体,成为一个现实的时代使命。自民国开创以来,历届中央政府曾在规制边疆民族地区的国家认同建设方面尽了诸多的努力,先后创出"五族共和"、"中华民族"、"国族主义"、"宗支"理论,用以统合边疆民族地区之国家认同。

The modem china saw the aggression of some powers outside, and the slowly integration of ＂Chinese＂ into the framework of traditional dynasty. For this reason, in the period of modem China, the identity of frontier areas nationalities for the republic of China was so slow and twists, at the same time, the frontier areas also suffered national identity crisis; what＇s more, the relationship between successive central Government and frontier areas rendered out relative alienation of picture. Thus, in the context of a modem Natlon-State, the mission whlcll mtegra^eu m~ uau,u~,,,,= ~,^-r, community which had broad common interests of the Chinese nation under a unified State become a reality. Since the Republic has been created, successive central Governments did its best to created the theory of ＂Republic of five nationalities＂, ＂Chinese People＂, ＂Nationalism＂, ＂Clan＂ integrating the national identity of the frontier ethnic areas.