冬小麦产量及土壤肥力的水氮调控效应

Effects of Nitrogen Level and Water Regulation on the Winter Wheat Yield and Soil Fertility

为了解水分和氮素调控对冬小麦产量及土壤肥力的影响,通过长期定位试验,设置0、150和225kg N·hm-2 3个施氮水平以及不灌水(CK)、越冬期灌水80mm(WF)、越冬期灌水40mm(WS)、秸秆覆盖+越冬期灌水40mm(MWS)、秸秆覆盖+拔节期灌水40mm(MJS)和拔节期灌水40mm(JS)6个水分调控模式,比较分析了不同水氮处理间小麦产量和土壤肥力的差异。结果表明,施氮可增加冬小麦产量,施氮量150与225kg N·hm-2的产量差异不显著(P>0.05);水分调控模式中JS的产量最高,但与MJS差异不明显;水氮处理中,以施氮150kg N·hm-2条件下JS的产量最高。施氮降低了土壤速效磷和速效钾含量,但提高了速效氮、全氮和有机质含量;不同水分调控模式中MJS改善耕层土壤肥力的效果最佳;以施氮150kg N·hm-2水平下MJS处理的综合效应最好。

A experiment was conducted to study the effect of water and nitrogen regulation on the win- ter wheat yield and soil fertility with three nitrogen levels of 0,150 and 225 kg N·hm^-2 and six water regulation patterns including no irrigation and straw mulch （CK）, over-wintering irrigation 80 mm （WF） , over-wintering irrigation 40 mm （WS） , straw mulch ＋ over-wintering irrigation 40 mm （MWS） , straw mulch＋ jointing irrigation 40 mm （MJS） and Jointing irrigation 40 mm（JS）. The re sults showed that nitrogen application could significantly increase winter wheat yields （P〈0.05）, but wheat yield was insignificant different between both the nitrogen levels of 150 and 225 kg N·hm^-2 （p 〈0.05）. The wheat yield of JS was the highest in all. water regulation patterns but there was not significant difference between JS and MJS. the highest yield was gained in the treatment of JS and 150 kgN·hm^-2. N fertilization reduced the contents of soil available phosphorus and potassium, and in- creased the contents of available nitrogen, total nitrogen and organic matter. MJS had the best effect of the top layer soil fertility in different water control patterns. Theofore, wheat yield and soil fertili-ty could be improved under MJS and nirogen application of 150 kg N·hm^-2.