柏拉图与“智慧”

Plato and the Wisdom

哲学作为"爱智慧",被德国浪漫派解释为"智慧的匮乏"乃至"不能掌握智慧"。但在希腊文化中,"智慧"这个概念有着不同的含义。针对"智慧"的不同含义,柏拉图在不同的文本里对于"智慧"也采取了不同的态度。简言之,柏拉图一方面拒斥职业智者所宣扬的虚假"智慧",另一方面又推崇以本原为认识对象的真正"智慧",并在这个过程中阐明了"哲学"与"智慧"之间的辩证关系。哲学与智慧并非如德国浪漫派所诠释的那样,哲学作为对智慧的寻求始终无法达到智慧,事实上,哲学不仅是"爱智慧",而且它应当也能够成为"智慧",两者之间存在一种动态的、密切的联系。哲学往返于神和人、智慧和无知之间,循环往复;哲学家对于智慧的"爱"并不意味着本质上的绝对隔离,而是意味着必须循环不断地重新开始。

Philosophy as ＂love of wisdom＂ is interpreted by the German Romantics as ＂lack of wisdom＂ or even ＂unable to grasp the wisdom＂. Yet in the Greek culture, the concept of ＂wisdom＂ has different meanings, for which Plato in different texts has taken different attitudes. In short, Plato on the one hand rejects the false ＂wisdom＂ preached by the Sophistes, on the other hand he praises highly the true ＂wisdom＂, which sets the Principles as objects to recognize. In this way he clarifies also the dialectical relationship between ＂philosophy＂ and ＂wisdom＂.