高流动社会与属地化管理体制下的公共产品供给

Resource Allocation for the Supply of Public Goods under Locally-managed System V.S.High-mobile Society

政府提供的公共产品与商品一样,对满足人民物质文化需要必不可少。生产公共产品需要公共资源和有效的配置机制。中国长期以来按照属地化管理体制,规定地方政府负有对户籍人口提供公共产品的事权责任。中央政府对财力、建设用地指标,行政编制等公共资源的配置也依据地方政府的管辖区域、户籍人口和经济状况为主要基数。进入高流动性社会后,人们离开户籍地谋生,对公共产品的需求也由户籍地转移到居住地。对此中央政府对事权进行了重新划分,要求流入地政府负责提供相应的公共产品,但并未考虑对公共资源配置的方式做相应的调整。如何配置公共资源是进入高流动社会后的一个重大问题,也是一个典型的"中国问题",很难找到现成适用的西方理论,需要根据中国的国情进行分析,在政策和理论层面做出回答。

Public goods provided by the government is essential to meet people＇s material and cultural needs. The production of public goods needs sufficient public investment and efficient allocation of public resources. For a long time, our country uses localized management system （属地化） to allocate these resources, which deems local government responsible to provide public goods to its registered residents （户籍人口） under household registration system. The central government also allocates financial resources, land quotas, and staffing with public functionary quotas to local government based on geographic region, size of the registered population, and economic indicators. Under high-mobility society, people migrate from registered location for better living thus transfer their needs of public goods and services to the destination of migration. The central government therefore redefines the responsibility of local government and require them to provide correspond public services, yet without considering a change in the allocation of public resources. It remained an unsolved issue how to effectively allocate these resources in high-mobile society. It is a quintessential Chinese problem that no corresponding Western theory could solve, but need analysis according to real-life situations and give an answers both at policy level and theoretical level.