长白山森林沼泽生态交错带群落演替规律研究(Ⅰ)——白桦沼泽群落演替规律研究

Succession of communities on ecotones between forests and Swamps in Changbai Mountains(Ⅰ)Succession of communities on Betula platyphylla \|swamp ecotones.

该文目的在于揭示长白山森林沼泽生态交错带群落的演替规律 ,以便为科学地保护和经营管理森林与湿地过渡带生物资源提供依据 .选择本区典型的白桦沼泽生态交错带为研究对象 .采用定量观测和建立经验回归模型的方法 ,研究群落建群种白桦生长过程和斑块动态、蒸腾排水作用的相关规律 ,预测白桦沼泽生态交错带演替进程 .研究结果表明 :随着群落建群种白桦生长加快、年龄不断增大 ,林分个体着生的微域斑块呈现三次式函数曲线增大 ,林分蒸腾排水作用按幂函数曲线增强 .随着群落的发育 ,斑块不断扩大和生物排水作用的增强 ,白桦沼泽交错群落在 5 0～ 6 0a内将会使交错带生境趋于中生化 。

Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 110015,Shenyang,P.R.China. Understanding the succession regularity of communities on forest\|swamp ecotones is vital for conserving and managing ecotoneal communities. In this paper, the authors probe the laws of succession of communities on forests\|swamps ecotones in Changbai Mountains. By setting up sample belts along the environmental gradients and investigating initial data, then establishing regression models, in this system, the authors found that, the patches increased by cubic curve and transpiration of trees increased by power curve with the age of trees growing. With communities developing, not only the patches increase in their area and volume, but also the groundwater decrease gradually. By the kinds of community reforming function, the habitats in which communities lived will be reformed,then will develop into drier terrestrial habitats. The ecotoneal communities would turn into forests in about sixty years.