上海市各级医院护士长服务型领导行为的调查研究

Survey on servant leadership behavior of head nurses from hospitals of different levels in Shanghai

目的：了解上海市各级医院护士长服务型领导行为的整体水平，为护士长优化管理工作提供理论依据。方法2012年2-3月，利用分层抽样与整群抽样相结合的方法，分别选择一级、二级、三级医院各两家，共计6家医院的2000名护士作为正式调查对象。采用护士长服务型领导行为量表调查各级医院护士长服务型领导行为的整体水平。采用SPSS 19．0统计学软件对数据进行处理，护士长服务型领导行为量表得分情况运用描述性分析，不同群体间的护士长领导行为感知情况运用单因素方差分析检验方法或两独立样本t检验进行比较分析，两两比较用LSD-t检验方法。 P＜0．05表示差异有统计学意义。结果共发放问卷2000份，收回有效问卷1511份，有效回收率为75．6％。上海市各级医院护士长服务型领导行为平均得分为（84．54±177;17．98）分，高于量表的中间值（60分）；其中护士对平易近人维度认可度最高，而授权维度认可度最低。一级、二级、三级医院护士长领导行为得分分别为（91．62±177;9．40），（90．53±177;11．49），（80．53±177;17．98）分，差异有统计学意义（F＝61．88，P＜0．01）；不同年龄、学历、职称、性别的护士对护士长服务型领导行为的感知差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）；不同工作年限及婚姻状况的护士对护士长服务型领导行为的感知差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。结论上海市各级医院护士长服务型领导行为较佳，但仍有提升空间，尤其是三级医院护士长服务型领导行为有待提升。同时，评估护士长服务型领导行为水平时，应考虑护士个体化因素并加以控制，防止因护士个体因素产生的感知差异影响整个研究结果的准确性。

Objective To understand the whole level of head nurses ’ servant leadership behavior in Shanghai hospitals , so as to provide theoretical basis for optimal management .Methods A total of 2 000 nurses were chosen from two first-level hospitals , two second-level hospitals and two third-level hospitals from February to March 2012 , by the methods combined with step sampling and cluster sampling .Scale for head nurses ’ servant leadership behavior was used to investigate the whole level .SPSS 19.0 was used to analyze the data , descriptive analysis was used to analyze the scores , one-way anova or t test was used to compare perception of leadership behavior between different clusters , and LSD-t was used for pairwise comparison .P＆lt;0.05 indicated statistical significance .Results A total of 2 000 questionnaires were handed out and 1 511 effective questionnaires were recovered ,with the rate of 75 .6%.The average score of head nurses ’ servant leadership behavior in Shanghai hospitals was （84.54 ±177;17.98）, which was higher than the median of the scale which was 60.The recognition degree about easy-going was the highest while the recognition degree about authorization was the lowest.The scores of head nurses from first-level hospitals, second-level hospitals and third-level hospitals were（91.62 ±177;9.40）,（90.53 ±177;11.49）,（80.53 ±177;17.98）, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant （F=61.88,P ＆lt;0.01）.There was statistically significant difference in perception toward head nurses’ servant leadership behavior from nurses of different ages , degrees, titles and genders （P＆lt;0.05）.And there was no statistically significant difference in perception toward head nurses ’ servant leadership behavior from nurses of different working years and marriage status （P ＆gt;0.05）.Conclusions The level of head＆amp;nbsp;nurses’ servant leadership behavior in Shanghai hospitals is comparatively good , but there is still room for improvement , especially for head nurses in third-level hospitals .Evaluation of head nurses ’ servant leadership behavior should consider and control the initialization of nurses , in order to prevent differences of perception from affecting the accuracy .