中国传统社会救灾模式选择及原因探讨

Discussion on the Choices and Causes of Institutions for Disaster Relief Operations in Chinese Traditional Society

传统中国社会的统治者围绕救灾制度,创造了禳灾制度和减灾制度两种模式。它们无论是在使用的次序、数量以及不同时期的选择上,都有较为明显的差异。而这种差异的形成与统治者对其合法性地位的维护有着密切的关系。经济学模型的探讨显示,这一选择与灾民的期盼相反,这往往成为引发灾民起义,进而导致王朝更迭的重要因素。

Dealing with disasters, dominators of Chinese traditional society practiced two institutions for disaster relief operations -- institution of exorcising disasters and institution of reducing disasters. These insti- tutions are obviously different in sequence, number and era. And the differences have a close relationship with the dominators who try to consolidate their legitimacy. As the economic model shows in this thesis, dominators＇ choice is usually inconsistent with the expectations of refugees, even more, it may lead to uprising and the change of dynasties.