儿童炎症性肌病分类及临床表现

Clinical manifestations and classification of inflammatory myopathies in childhood.

由各种病原体直接感染肌肉组织而产生的感染性肌病在儿童相对常见,临床主要表现为急性感染性疾病起病1周内出现肌肉疼痛、拒按、不愿意走路或步态异常。找不到明确的感染因子的特发性炎症性肌病儿童期相对少见,其中以皮肌炎、多发性肌炎较多见,常表现为:对称性肌无力、肌肉疼痛、皮肤改变。儿童炎症性肌病是由不同原因引起的一组疾病。高度怀疑病例应尽早做肌肉酶谱、肌电图及免疫学指标等相关检查,尽早确诊。

Infective inflammatory myopathies caused by various microorgnisms are commonly seen in childhood, which is clinically characterized by muscle pain, tenderness, refusal to walk or altered gait within 1 week after acute infectious diseases. Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies are a rare form of my- opathy observed during childhood. The most common inflammatory myopathies in children comprise juvenile dermatomyositis and juvenile polymyositis. The clinical manifestations in- clude muscle pain and weakness, skin rash. The childhood in flammatory myopathies comprise a heterogeneous group with different mechanisms of affecting muscle fibers. The serum muscle enzymes, electromyography, and immune function ex- amination should be done early for highly suspected patients.