控释尿素不同施用条件下冬小麦产量和氮素利用效应

Effects of Controlled Release Urea on Wheat Yield and Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency Under Different Applied Conditions

采用田间试验方法研究了控释尿素不同施用条件对冬小麦产量、氮素利用和经济效益的影响。试验共设7个处理,即CK(空白处理,不施氮肥)、100%PU10/0(普通尿素全量基施,N 240 kg·hm-2)、100%PU6/4(60%的普通尿素基施、40%的普通尿素于拔节期追施,N 240 kg·hm-2)、80%PU6/4(60%的普通尿素基施、40%的普通尿素于拔节期追施,N 192 kg·hm-2)、100%CRU(全量树脂包膜控释尿素基施,N 240 kg·hm-2)、80%CRU(80%树脂包膜控释尿素基施,N 192 kg·hm-2)和40%CRU+40%PU(40%树脂包膜控释尿素+40%的普通尿素基施,N 192 kg·hm-2)。结果表明,无论是产量效应还是氮素利用效应,树脂包膜控释尿素(CRU)处理总体优于普通尿素(PU)处理,尤其树脂包膜控释尿素和普通尿素配施(40%CRU+40%PU)效果最佳,以7 709 kg·hm-2的产量、36.44%的氮肥吸收利用率、15 946元·hm-2的相对净收入达到处理间最高水平。该处理在减少氮素投入量的情况下,不仅促进了冬小麦增产,而且显著提高了肥料的利用率,拥有较高的产投比。因此,树脂包膜控释尿素和普通尿素的配施处理(40%CRU+40%PU)是本试验条件下最优的氮肥处理。

The field trial was conducted to study the effects of different nitrogen fertilizer applications on winter wheat yield, nitrogen utiliza-tion efficiency and economic benefit. 7 treatments were designed as CK（no nitrogen fertilizer applied）, 100%PU10/0（ conventional urea ap-plied before sowing, N rate was 240 kg＆#183;hm-2）, 100%PU6/4（ conventional urea applied before sowing and at jointing with the ratio of 6：4, N rate was 240 kg＆#183;hm-2）, 80%PU6/4 （conventional urea applied before sowing and at jointing with the ratio of 6：4, N rate was 192 kg＆#183;hm-2）, 100%CRU（resin coated controlled release urea applied before sowing , N rate was 240 kg＆#183;hm-2）, 80%CRU（ resin coated controlled release urea applied before sowing , N rate was 192 kg＆#183;hm-2）, and 40%CRU＋40%PU（resin coated controlled release urea and conventional urea ap-plied before sowing , N rate was 192 kg＆#183;hm-2）. The results showed that no matter on the efficiency of yield or that of nitrogen, resin coated controlled-release urea（CRU）was better when compared with conventional urea（PU）. Especially, the combined application treatment （40%CRU＋40%PU）was the best with achieving the highest wheat yield of 7 709 kg＆#183;hm-2, the highest N fertilizer utilization efficiency of 36.44%and the maximum net income of 15 946 yuan＆#183;hm-2. And it could not only increase winter wheat yield with reducing the nitrogen fer-tilizer application, but also improve N fertilizer utilization efficiency and owe the highest ratio of output to input. Therefore, the combined ap-plication of the resin coated controlled-release urea and conventional urea （40%CRU＋40%PU）was the optimal nitrogen fertilizer treatment under the conditions of this experiment.