中国外贸转型升级与“自贸区”建设探析——兼论上海自由贸易试验区的功能与角色

China's Foreign Trade: Past and Prospect

本文对中国外贸发展的现状和方向进行了检视和前瞻,并就上海自贸区的功能与角色作了探讨。无论是出口总量和贸易余额,还是出口复杂度和出口附加值,中国都并非全球贸易体系的"异数"。为了拓宽外贸发展的空间,中国需要协调好国内贸易和对外贸易、国际贸易和区域内贸易、产业间贸易和产业内贸易,以及企业间贸易和企业内贸易等四类贸易之间的关系。为了提升外贸发展的质量,中国需要借鉴美国、德国和韩国三个代表性国家的有益经验。中国外贸的转型升级,还离不开一个有国际能见度和视野的企业群体和企业家队伍。

This paper quantitatively discusses the past and prospect of China＇s foreign trade and preliminarily explores the role of Shanghai Pilot Free Trade Zone. Our analyses show that, China＇s export is not ＂special＂ in terms of export volume, net export, sophistication and domestic content. In order to boost foreign trade further, China should achieve balance between internal trade and external trade, between international trade and regional trade, between interindustry trade and inter-industry trade, between inter-firm trade and intra-firm trade. In order to improve the quality of foreign trade development, China should learn and follow successful practices of other countries, especially the USA,Germany and South Korea. In addition, China needs to nurture and support a large number of entrepreneurs and enterprises with global visibility and outlook.