中国制造业全要素能源效率及影响因素研究——基于面板数据的随机前沿分析

Research on Total Factor Energy Efficiency of Chinese Manufacture Industry and Its Influence Factors Based on SFA

运用随机前沿技术测度了中国制造业30个行业的全要素能源效率,分析了能源结构对技术效率的影响。研究结果发现,2003-2010年制造业能源效率呈现先上升后停滞的阶梯形变化特征,行业间能源效率水平差异较大。分层聚类分析将制造业大体归纳为6类能源效率水平,重工业能源消耗量大且能源效率高,劳动力密集型的轻工制造业能源消费少且能源效率低。能源结构显著影响能源效率,增加煤炭消费量对能源效率有显著负影响,增加电力、石油的消费对能源效率有显著正向影响。文章从制造业结构调整、能源消费和价格机制等方面提出了若干建议。

This research discusses the manufacture Industry energy efficiencies of 30 sectors by Stochastic Frontier Ap- proach based on Cobb-Doulas production function. We find the annual average of energy efficiency between 2003 and 2010 improved slowly, and the difference between sectors is remarkably. 30 sectors is divided into six kinds of level by System cluster analysis, Evidence is found that heavy industry consumed much more energy and its energy efficiency is also high,light industry consumed less energy and its efficiency is low too. Energy consumption structure is a crucial fac- tor which influenced efficiency obviously, increasing coal consumption will decrease energy efficiency, but increase oil and electric power can improve efficiency obviously. The paper suggests to develop high level manufacture, Energy con- sumption and production should transform from fossil energy to reproducible energy, and Energy conservation mechanism by price should be established.