局部放电定位用聚束天线的研制

Study on Beam Antenna for Partial Discharge Location

为克服现有特高频局部放电检测装置测试效率低,仅有少数具有专家经验的高水平测试人员能够有效使用的问题,提出了基于强方向性天线实现局部放电特高频(UHF)快速巡检和定位的理念。天线的高增益与强方向性是该理念的核心。本文研究通过背腔改进天线的方向性,通过CST仿真优化背腔的结构参数,获得尽可能强的单方向聚束特性。之后对比分析两种天线的增益、方向图与驻波比等性能参数,并通过实验进行实测。仿真与实测结果表明,阿基米德聚束天线在较低频率的接收性能要优于柱螺旋聚束天线,其接收局部放电信号的半功率波束宽度仅为36°,且接收能力随距离的变化更加敏感,更适合作为变电站局部放电定位天线。

In order to avoid such problems that the detection device of UHF partial discharge has low test efficiency, and only a few testers with expert experience can use the device effectively, a fast inspecting and locating idea for UHF par- tial discharge based on strong directional antenna is proposed in this paper. High gain and strong directional antenna is the core of the idea. In this paper, the characteristics of single directivity are obtained as strong as possible through CST simulation to optimize structure parameters of back cavity because that the directivity can be improved by back cavity. Then such performance parameters as the gain, di- rectivity and VSWR of two types of antennas are compared, and they are measured through test. Simulation and experi- mental results show that the lower-frequency receiving per- formance of cavity-backed Archimedean spiral beam anten- na is better than that of helical beam antenna. In addition, the half-power beam width of receiving local partial dis- charge signal is only 36%, and its receiving ability is more sensitive with the change of distance, which proves that it is more suitable to be used as partial discharge location antenna in the substation.