诗歌与批评:海伦·文德勒教授访谈(英文)

Poetry and Criticism: An Interview with Helen Vendler

海伦·文德勒被公认为是一位成就卓著的诗歌评论家、美国文学批评界的领军人物。文德勒教授自1980年起在哈佛大学英语系任教,兼任美国艺术与科学研究院院士,2004年被美国国家人文基金会授予象征美国联邦政府最高人文成就荣誉的"杰斐逊讲席"。2013年10月,杭州师范大学教授马弦博士受《外国文学研究》委托,在哈佛大学英语系访问研究期间通过电子邮件对文德勒教授进行了采访。访谈主要围绕文德勒教授作为一位杰出诗歌评论家的学术生涯、诗歌批评理念与批评方法展开讨论,涉及多方面的话题,包括莎士比亚十四行诗的艺术、华莱士·史蒂文斯的诗歌中虚假和真实的崇高、诗歌与绘画的关系,读者与诗歌的关系以及文学批评与教学的关系等。在谈及对于目前流行的各种文学理论的看法时,文德勒主张在文学研究中不宜采用暂时流行的辞藻、重复使用各种"流派"的批评语言,相反,批评家应该根据不同的诗歌灵活地选择批评方法。她声称自己的诗歌批评没有什么"理论",并说明"理论"对于分析抒情诗来说用处不大,只有散文和小说这样的长篇大论才能够被"解构",而诗歌并不适合理论的路子。

Helen Hennessy Vendler is widely regarded as a leading American critic and one of the most accomplished interpreters of poetry She has published more than thirty books on American and British poets. vendler has been a professor of English at Harvard University since 1980. She is fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and was selected by the National Endowment for the Humanities for the 2004 Jefferson Lecture, the U.S. federal government＇s highest honor for achievement in humanities. In October 2013, Ma Xian, professor of Hangzhou Normal University and visiting scholar at Harvard University, entrusted by Foreign Literature Studies, interviewed vendler via email. The interview focuses on ／,endler＇s career as a literary critic, her criticism of poetry, transformations or revisions of her critical thinking and approaches to criticism. The interview also covers a variety of topics, addressing issues such as the art of Shakespeare＇s sonnets, Wallace Stevens＇s poetry, the relationships between poems and paintings, between readers and poetry, and between teaching and criticism, etc. As for varieties of prevailing theories, ／,endler asserts that she does not think literary study can be seen in temporal terms, with one form of emphasis following another, in various ＂schools＂ of criticism. She thinks instead that the poem should be addressed as an artwork, that the critic should practice an eclecticism choosing approaches that differ depending on the poem. She declares that she has no theories herself on the criticism of poetry and algues that theory has offered very little of relevance to lyric： theory has depended on long forms （essays, novels） that can be ＂deconstructed,＂ whereas lyric doesn＇t offer that purchase.