制度整合与农民“自由”——基于新中国成立初期的分析

System Integration and Farmers “Free”: Based on the Analysis of the Early Founding of New China

在历史上,制度整合是国家整合农村社会的重要手段,内含国家意志的制度整合直接决定着农民的自由及政治命运。本文通过对新中国成立初期(1950—1958)农村社会变革的研究发现,基层社会制度直接约束着农民的日常生产、生活行为自由。当然,过度的制度整合也会引发农民的弱势抗争。不过,在特殊的政治年代,跨越边界的自由行动将会受到严厉的政治惩罚。实际上,制度的建构与整合内涵在于促进人性的解放与发展。制度整合与农民"自由"之间具有一定的张力关系,制度的设计及运行以人的发展为目标,制度整合才能够更好地维护国家政权稳定、促进社会和谐、稳定发展。

In the history, system integration is the important means of national integration of rural society, system integration including national will direatly determine the fate of farmers and political freedom. Based on the analysis of the early founding of new China during 1950-1958, this paper found, basle social system direetly restricts the daily produetion, life and behavior free of farmers.Of course, the integration of system transition will lead to the farmers＇ weak resistanee. However, in the speeial political era, across the free border, the farmers will be severely punished. In fact, the system construction and integration eonnotation is to promote the liberation and development of human nature.It has a eertain tension between system integration and the peasants freedom, design and operation system in order to promote the eomprehensive development of human freedom as the goal, system integration will be able to better promote the farmers national identity, eonsolidate slate power and stability, and the society harmonious development.