攀枝花市2008-2012年鼠密度监测与防制探讨

Surveillance and control of rodent populations in Panzhihua,China from 2008 to 2012

目的通过对攀枝花市2008-2012年鼠类监测结果分析,掌握鼠的种群构成、密度和季节消长等动态变化规律,为攀枝花市鼠类防制工作提供科学依据。方法采用夹夜法进行鼠密度监测,每月1次,在居民区、特殊环境和农村自然村进行监测。结果攀枝花市2008-2012年年平均鼠密度为0.74%,以2009年最高为0.86%,2012年最低,总体呈现逐年下降趋势;主要优势鼠种为小家鼠,占捕获总数的54.94%,其次为褐家鼠和黑线姬鼠;鼠类雌雄比为1.10∶1;以特殊行业年平均鼠密度最高,达1.20%,占捕获总数的54.58%;鼠类活动高峰集中在6-8月,占捕获总数的40.29%。结论基本掌握了攀枝花市鼠密度及季节消长规律。建议采取综合防制措施,重点在6-8月集中开展防鼠、灭鼠工作;继续加强对鼠类的长期监测,做到有的放矢,科学防控,以减少鼠媒传染病的发生和流行。

Objective To understand the community structure, population density, and seasonality of rodents by analyzing the rodent surveillance data in Panzhihua, China from 2008 to 2012 and to provide a scientific basis for rodent control in Panzhihua. Methods The rodent population density was monitored by night trapping once every month in the residential area, special environment, and rural areas. Results The average annual rodent population density in Panzhihua from 2008 to 2012 was 0.74%; the highest density （0.86%） was observed in 2009 and the lowest in 2012, exhibiting a generally decreasing trend year by year. Mus musculus was the dominant species, accounting for 54.94% of all captured rodents, followed by Rattus norvegicus and Apodemus agrarius. The female-to-male ratio of rodents was 1.10 ： 1. The highest average annual rodent population density （1.20%） was observed in the special industry, and the rodents from the special industry accounted for 54.58% of all captures. The peak of rodent activity was during June to August, and the rodents in the three months accounted for 40.29% of all captures. Conclusion The rodent population density and its seasonality in Panzhihua have been well unbderstood. Integrated control measures are recommended, and rodent control and deratization should be carried out especially during June to August; the long- term surveillance of rodents should be strengthened continuously, scientifically, and specifically, in order to reduce the incidence of rodent-borne diseases.