美国《统一商法典》:创新、成就及对中国的启示

American Uniform Commercial Code: Innovation, Achievement and Enlightenment to China

美国《统一商法典》是当今世界颇具影响力的一部商法典。它在英美法系首创商事立法法典化先河;以普通法为背景制定成文法,为成文法的发展提供了一种开放、包容的灵活机制;开创了以货物买卖、资本经营为核心构建商法典的立法模式。它尊重商业惯例,成功实现从软商法到硬商法的转化;不仅消除了美国州际商事法律冲突,还对国际商法的统一产生了重大影响;并且在对价、货物所有权转移、担保交易、租赁、流通票据、大额资金划拨等方面建立了诸多适应商业发展规律和时代要求的法律制度。其立法理念、立法目的、立法模式、立法路径、立法技术和具体制度诸多方面对完善我国商事立法具有重要启示。

American Uniform Commercial Code is an influential commercial code in the current world. It pioneers in the codification of commercial laws in Anglo-American law system. It formulates statute law on the basis of common law, which provides an open, flexible and inclusive mechanism for the development of statute law. It creates the legislation model for commercial law with sales of goods and capital management as the core. It respects commercial practices and succeeds in the transition from soft business law to hard business law. It not only eliminates the conflicts on commercial laws between the states of the US, but also has a great impact on the unification of international commercial law. Besides, it establishes a legal system in line with the rules of commercial development and demands of the time in terms of consideration, ownership transfers of goods, secured transaction, lease, negotiable bill, transfers of large funds, etc. It has significant enlightenment to the perfection of China＇s commercial legalization in the respects such as legislative idea, legislative intent, legislation model, legislation approach, legislation techniques and so on.