深海采矿装备研发的现状与进展

Status and Progress on Researches and Developments of Deep Ocean Mining Equipments

近年来,国际社会关于深海矿产资源开发的竞争急速加剧,与此相适应,深海采矿技术及装备的研发也再度引起了世界主要工业国家与新兴工业国家以及一些国际大型企业的高度关注和投入。针对深海采矿技术与装备的不同发展阶段,分别介绍连续链斗法、穿梭艇式、水力(气力)管道提升式三种典型深海采矿系统的组成及发展现状。分别从海底固体矿产资源采集技术、海底采矿车行走技术、矿物由海底向海面输送技术以及水面支持系统技术等4个方面全面系统地分析深海采矿装备研发中的关键技术、需要面对的特殊问题及近期研究进展,并对深海采矿装备发展的可行性及研发模式进行总结与展望,对于我国深海采矿技术与装备的研究开发具有参考价值与指导作用。

In recent years, the competition of the international communities on the deep ocean mineral resources exploitation is rapid growing, relevant to this situation, high attention and fund are being paid and invested again on the research and development of the deep ocean mining technologies and equipments by the world＇s major industrial countries, emerging industrial countries and some international large-scale enterprises. According to the different development stages of the deep ocean mining technologies and equipments, the configurations and development status of three typical deep ocean mining systems, including the continuous line bucket, shuttle boat type and hydraulic（pneumatic） lifting pipeline, are introduced. The key technologies, the special problems to be faced and the current progress for the research and development of the deep ocean mining equipments from the four aspects, including the collecting technology for seafloor mineral resources, walking technology for seafloor mining vehicle, mineral transportation technology from seafloor to surface and surface support system technology are systematically and comprehensively analyzed, finally the feasibility and research modes of the deep ocean mining equipment development are summarized and expected, which can provide reference and guidance for research and development of China＇s deep ocean mining technology and equipment.