镁金属生理作用及其调节骨代谢效应

Development in physiological regulation and bone metabolism of magnesium

背景:镁是一种高强度的轻量金属,可在生物环境下降解,具有较好的生物相容性,是一种极具潜力的生物医学材料。但其在生理环境下的快速腐蚀一直是限制其临床应用的主要障碍。另外,镁在许多生物学反应及骨代谢的调节中发挥着重要作用。目的:回顾总结镁金属的应用进展及其在体内的生理作用与机制,并对其调节骨代谢的研究进行综述。方法:总结并归纳发表于相关核心期刊上的关于镁金属材料研究及镁调节细胞生理和骨代谢的文献。对于以镁金属作为辅助材料或未将镁作为细胞生理调节主要研究对象的文献则不予参考,另外,特别关注镁对骨代谢相关细胞生理调节的文献。结果与结论:通过对文献的复习可知,可降解镁合金是一类具有临床应用潜力的新型生物移植材料,并且,镁是活细胞内含量最丰富的阳离子之一,是每个生物学过程所必需的一种辅助因子,镁缺乏可引起包括骨质疏松在内的多种疾病,它可通过多种机制调节骨的转化。但关于镁材料的性质及镁对机体生理活动和骨代谢的调节机制仍有许多问题尚不清楚,还需要更深入的研究。同时,了解镁离子对骨生理的影响,对于镁金属的临床应用也具有重要意义。

BACKGROUND： As a lightweight metal with mechanical properties similar to natural bone, a natural ionic presence with significant functional roles in biological systems, and in vivo degradation via corrosion in the electrolytic environment of the body, magnesium （Mg）-based implants have the potential to serve as biocompatible, osteoconductive, degradable implants for load-bearing applications. On the other hand, Mg, as a critical mediator of cellular growth and activities regulation, is the second most abundant intracellular cation where it plays an important role in enzyme function and trans-membrane ion transport. OBJECTIVE： To retrospectively summarize the application progress, physiological role and mechanism of Mg, and to review its regulation of bone metabolism. METHODS： Papers addressing application, physiological and bone metabolism regulation of Mg published in core periodicals were reviewed. Studies in which Mg were used as an assistance materials, or articles regarding cell physiology in which Mg were not the main research object were excluded. Literatures concerning the regulation of bone turnover by Mg were given special attention. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION： Mg alloys are cytocompatible materials with adjustable mechanical and corrosion properties and show their potential as biodegradable implant materials. Moreover, Mg is abundantly distributed among the body and essential for maintaining physiological function of the cells. Mg deficiency has been associated with a number of clinical disorders including osteoporosis. But it remains to be determined what specific biochemical process is activated by Mg 2＋ to regulate cellular activity and bone turnover. Further investigations of the precise mechanism are valuable to the clinical application of Mg.