髌骨骨折内固定板的生物力学性能

Biomechanical properties of internal fixation plate for patellar fracture

背景:目前治疗髌骨骨折的各种手术方法均有优缺点,不能更好地满足患者的需求。目的:评价髌骨内固定板固定髌骨骨折的生物力学性能,为临床应用提供基础理论依据。方法:根据国人髌骨数据,采用钛合金制成蜘蛛形内固定板。采集6具新鲜尸体膝关节标本,随机分为两组,制成粉碎性骨折模型,分别采用髌骨内固定板和NiTi聚髌器固定,行生物力学实验,比较两种内固定物的生物力学性能。结果与结论:两种不同内固定方法均能满足1 kN股四头肌收缩力,髌骨内固定板固定后髌骨的分离位移、肌力和关节力以及髌骨关节接触面力学特征均优于常用聚髌器内固定,统计两者力学指标差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。髌骨内固定板的设计符合髌骨的解剖和生物力学特点,其对髌骨骨折的固定强度可完全满足临床应用之需。

BACKGROUND： There are currently various surgical methods of patella fracture, and they have advantages and disadvantages, thus cannot well meet the requirements of patients. OBJECTIVE： To evaluate biomechanical properties of internal fixation plate to treat patellar fracture and to provide theoretical evidence for clinical application. METHODS： According to the statistics of patella in the Chinese population, a titanium alloy spider internal fixation plate was designed and manufactured for the treatment of patellar fractures. Knee joint specimens in six fresh cadavers were randomly divided into two groups and the comminuted fracture model of patella were established. The models were fixed with internal fixation plate of patella and NiTi patellar concentrator. Biomechanical tests were carried out to compare the biomechanical properties. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION： Both the two fixation methods could meet the 1-kN quadriceps femoris contraction. The internal fixation plate of patella was superior to NiTi patellar concentrator in the patellar isolation shift, muscle strength and joint strength, as well as mechanical properties of patella-point surface. There were significant differences between the two groups （P 〈 0.05）. The internal fixation plate of patella is designed in accordance with the anatomical and biomechanical properties of the patella, the fixation strength can completely meet clinical requirement and deserve further application.